瀹跺嫏(w霉)鏄緢澶氫汉閬夸箣涓嶅強鐨�“楹荤叐浜�”锛岃畵浜鸿寰楁棦鑰借宸ュか锛屽張娴不(f猫i)绮惧姏銆傜劧鑰岋紝鍋氬鍕�(w霉)骞朵笉鏄柈绱斿湴娑堣€楅珨鍔�锛屽姞鎷垮ぇ楹ュ厠棣柉鐗瑰ぇ瀛�(xu茅)鐮旂┒浜�17鍊�(g猫)鍦�(gu贸)瀹剁殑13钀汉鍚庣櫦(f膩)鐝�(xi脿n)锛屾瘡鍛ㄥ仛5娆″鍕�(w霉)锛屾瘡娆″崐灏忔檪(sh铆)锛屽彲浠ラ仈(d谩)鍒板仴韬晥鏋�锛岀敋鑷冲彲浠ヤ娇姝讳骸鐜囬檷浣�28%銆�
銆€銆€瀹跺嫏(w霉)鍋氬緱灏�锛岄暦(zh菐ng)澹藉劒(y艒u)鍕�(sh矛)灏�
銆€銆€浣跨敤鍚稿〉鍣�銆佹巸鍦版(j墨)鍣ㄤ汉锛岄泧鍌繚濮�銆佸皬鏅�(sh铆)宸�锛岀恫(w菐ng)涓婅臣鐗�銆佸彨澶栬常锛岃畵鐝�(xi脿n)浠ｄ汉鍋氬鍕�(w霉)鐨勬檪(sh铆)闁撳ぇ澶х府鐭�銆傝嫳鍦�(gu贸)涓€闋�(xi脿ng)鐮旂┒鎸囧嚭锛岃垏35骞村墠鐩告瘮锛岀従(xi脿n)浠ｅコ鎬у仛瀹跺嫏(w霉)鐨勬檪(sh铆)闁撴笡灏戜簡20%锛屽皫(d菐o)鑷村叾闀�(zh菐ng)澹藉劒(y艒u)鍕�(sh矛)瓒婁締瓒婂皬銆�“涓嶆槸鎴戝€戞嚩寰楀仛瀹跺嫏(w霉)锛�”鍦ㄥ寳浜伐浣滅殑闄虫€℃姳鎬ㄨ锛�“姣忓ぉ涓婁笅鐝棭鍑烘櫄姝�锛岀敋鑷抽€ｅ懆鏈兘瑕佸姞鐝�锛屽(sh铆)鍦ㄦ矑鏈夋檪(sh铆)闁�銆傚嵆浣挎湁浜嗙┖闁戜篃鎻愪笉璧峰媮鍏�锛屽彧鎯宠畵鐤叉唺鐨勮韩楂斿ソ濂戒紤鎭竴涓�銆傝。鏈嶅彲浠ラ€佸幓骞叉礂搴楋紝鍚冮／鍙互閬告搰椁愰え锛屾埧闁撻毃渚挎巸鎺冩摝鎿�锛屾箠鍚堜竴涓嬪氨濂戒簡銆�”
銆€銆€瑗垮畨楂旇偛瀛�(xu茅)闄㈠仴搴风瀛�(xu茅)绯绘暀鎺堣實娉㈠憡瑷淬€婄敓鍛芥檪(sh铆)鍫�(b脿o)銆嬭鑰�锛屾棩鍓嶅湅(gu贸)瀹堕珨鑲茬附灞€鐧�(f膩)甯冪殑銆婂叏姘戝仴韬寚鍗椼€嬫寚鍑�锛屾湁涓€瀹氶亱(y霉n)鍕�(d貌ng)鍩虹(ch菙)鐨勬垚骞翠汉锛屾噳(y墨ng)淇濊瓑姣忓懆閬�(y霉n)鍕�(d貌ng)3~5娆�锛屾瘡娆�30~50鍒嗛悩鐨勪腑绛夊挤(qi谩ng)搴﹂亱(y霉n)鍕�(d貌ng)锛屼緥濡傚仴姝ヨ蛋銆佹參璺�銆佽烦鑸炪€佹墦澶サ鎷崇瓑锛屽績鐜囦繚鎸佸湪100~140娆�/鍒嗛悩銆傚鏋滄矑鏅�(sh铆)闁撻亱(y霉n)鍕�(d貌ng)锛屽仛涓€浜涘鍕�(w霉)鍕炲嫊(d貌ng)涔熷彲浠ラ仈(d谩)鍒拌兘閲忔秷鑰楁(bi膩o)婧�(zh菙n)銆備互楂旈噸50鍏枻鐨勫コ鎬ф椿鍕�(d貌ng)30鍒嗛悩鐐轰緥锛屾礂纰�銆佺啫琛ｆ湇鑳芥秷鑰�47鍗冨崱;鎿︾幓鐠冨彲娑堣€�84鍗冨崱;鍋氶／鑳芥秷鑰�86鍗冨崱;鏀舵嬀娴村銆佹嫋鍦版巸鍦版秷鑰�91鍗冨崱;娲楄。鏈嶅彲浠ユ秷鑰�105鍗冨崱銆�
銆€銆€“鍋氬鍕�(w霉)閭勫彲浠ユ敹鐛插揩妯�銆�”鍖椾含鍥為緧瑙€閱�(y墨)闄㈠濮诲嵄姗�(j墨)骞查爯(y霉)涓績涓讳换閭告泬铇锛�“灏�(du矛)浜庡枩鎰涘共鍑堟暣娼旂殑浜轰締瑾紝鍋氬鍕�(w霉)鍙互鐢�(ch菐n)鐢熺姃璩炴晥鎳�(y墨ng)锛屽績鎯呰嚜鐒舵渻(hu矛)鎰夋倕璧蜂締銆�”鍙﹀锛屾湁姘ч亱(y霉n)鍕�(d貌ng)鍚庝汉楂斿収(n猫i)鐨�“鍏�(n猫i)鍟¤偨”姘村钩鏈�(hu矛)鍗囬珮8鍊嶏紝浣夸汉鍊戠柌鍕炰箣浣欑敘(ch菐n)鐢熷枩鎮呬箣鎯呰垏鎴愬氨鎰�銆備笉鎰涘仛瀹跺嫏(w霉)鐨勪汉锛屼笉濡ㄩ倞鑱借憲鍠滄鐨勬瓕鏇查倞鍕炲嫊(d貌ng)锛屾垨鑸囦即渚�銆佸浜哄垎宸ュ悎浣�锛屽皣娉ㄦ剰鍔涘緸绻侀噸鐨勫鍕�(w霉)杞�(zhu菐n)绉诲埌杓曟澗鐨勮亰澶╀笂銆�
銆€銆€瀹跺嫏(w霉)涓嶆槸“鏋烽帠”
銆€銆€瀹跺嫏(w霉)骞堕潪濂虫€х殑灏堝爆宸ヤ綔銆傝嫳鍦�(gu贸)鍔嶆⿱澶у(xu茅)閲濆皪(du矛)3钀汉鐨勭爺绌惰〃鏄�锛屽鏋滅敺浜轰富鍕�(d貌ng)鍒嗘摂(d膩n)瀹跺嫏(w霉)锛屽か濡荤埈(zh膿ng)鍚垫鏁�(sh霉)鏈�(hu矛)娓涘皯锛屽搴洿鍔犲拰鐫�銆傚か濡讳竴璧峰埗浣滅編椁愩€佹暣鐞嗚垔鐗╃瓑锛岃兘澶犲閫�(j矛n)鎰熸儏锛屾槸涓€绋敓娲绘儏瓒�銆備絾鐝�(xi脿n)瀵�(sh铆)鎯呮硜鏄�锛屽鍕�(w霉)娲诲垎閰嶄笉鍧�锛岀敺鎬у仛寰楄純灏戙€�
銆€銆€2014骞�锛屽湅(gu贸)闅涚稉(j墨ng)婵�(j矛)鍚堜綔鑸囩櫦(f膩)灞曠祫绻�(OECD)瑾�(di脿o)鏌ョ櫦(f膩)鐝�(xi脿n)锛屼腹楹ョ敺鎬у垎鎿�(d膩n)瀹跺嫏(w霉)鏈€澶�锛屾瘡澶╅暦(zh菐ng)閬�(d谩)186鍒嗛悩锛岄毃鍚庢槸鎸▉銆佹境澶у埄浜�銆佹剾娌欏凹浜炵瓑鍦�(gu贸)瀹�;涓湅(gu贸)鐢锋€ф瘡澶╁湪鐓ч¨瀹朵汉銆佽臣鐗╁拰鍋氬鍕�(w霉)涓婅姳璨�(f猫i)鐨勬檪(sh铆)闁撳彧鏈�91鍒嗛悩锛岄仩(yu菐n)閬�(yu菐n)浣庝簬134鍒嗛悩鐨勫钩鍧囨按骞�锛屾帓鍚嶅€掓暩(sh霉)绗簲锛屽叾鍚庝緷娆＄偤鏃ユ湰銆佸嵃搴�銆佸湡鑰冲叾銆侀煋鍦�(gu贸)銆傞€欎富瑕佹槸鐢卞偝绲�(t菕ng)瑙€蹇�銆佺敺濂崇ぞ鏈�(hu矛)鍙冭垏搴�銆佺敺濂虫槸鍚﹀钩绛夋焙瀹氱殑銆�
銆€銆€姣旇捣鍚岀偤浜炴床鍦�(gu贸)瀹剁殑闊撳湅(gu贸)銆佹棩鏈紝鎴戝湅(gu贸)濂虫€т腑鍏ㄨ伔涓诲│杓冨皯锛屽緢澶氫汉娲昏簫鍦ㄥ伐浣滃礂浣嶄笂锛屽彲璎�“瀹堕噷瀹跺鍏╅牠蹇�”銆傚勾杓曞か濡讳笉鎰垮儚闀�(zh菐ng)杓╀竴妯�锛岀敱濂虫€ф壙鎿�(d膩n)鏇村瀹跺嫏(w霉)锛�“鐢峰コ骞冲垎瀹跺嫏(w霉)”鐨勫懠鑱茶秺渚嗚秺楂�锛岀敋鑷宠ū澶氬コ鎬у鎬曡嚜宸辫畩鎴愬湇钁楄€佸叕瀛╁瓙杞�(zhu菐n)鐨�“榛冭噳濠�”锛屽皣瀹跺嫏(w霉)瑕栫偤鏋烽帠锛屽鍓嶅叕闁嬭〃鏄�“涓嶆渻(hu矛)鍋氬鍕�(w霉)锛屼笉瑕佹寚鏈涙垜”銆傚皪(du矛)姝わ紝閭告泬铇〃绀�锛屼笉蹇呬竴鍛冲挤(qi谩ng)瑾�(di脿o)瀹跺嫏(w霉)骞崇瓑锛屾瘡灏�(du矛)澶鐨勭浉铏曟ā寮忎笉鍚�锛屽鍏�(n猫i)瀹跺鍒嗗伐鏈夊垾锛岃兘鑰呫€佹効鑰呭彲澶氬嫗锛岄棞(gu膩n)閸典笉鏄壙鎿�(d膩n)浜嗗灏戝鍕�(w霉)锛岃€屾槸鍏╀汉褰兼灏婇噸灏�(du矛)鏂圭殑浠樺嚭锛屽榧撳嫷(l矛)璐婄編锛屼笉瑕佺碂韫嬭紩瑕栵紝鎵嶈兘璁撳鍕�(w霉)鐢辫矤(f霉)鎿�(d膩n)璁�?y艒u)?ldquo;鎰涚殑浠樺嚭”銆�
銆€銆€鏈夌爺绌剁ū锛岀敺鎬у弮鑸囬噸鍨嬪鍕�(w霉)鍕炲嫊(d貌ng)锛屾浜￠ⅷ(f膿ng)闅�(xi菐n)鍙檷浣�71%锛岃€屽コ鎬ф渻(hu矛)涓婂崌13%銆傚洜姝よ實娉㈠缓璀�锛屽湪鍏烽珨鍒嗗伐涓婏紝鐢锋€ц韩楂斿仴澹�锛屾噳(y墨ng)涓诲嫊(d貌ng)鎵挎摂(d膩n)閲嶅瀷鍕炲嫊(d貌ng)鎴栧叿鏈夊嵄闅�(xi菐n)鎬х殑瀹跺嫏(w霉)锛屽淇悊瀹跺叿銆佹惉閬�(y霉n)閲嶇墿銆佺埇姊瓙鍙栫墿;蹇冪窗(x矛)鐨勫コ鎬у彲浠ヨ矤(f霉)璨�(z茅)鎺冨湴銆佸仛椋瓑杓曟澗鐨勫鍕�(w霉);瀛╁瓙鍋氬鍕�(w霉)鑳藉煿椁�(y菐ng)璨�(z茅)浠诲績鍜岀崹(d煤)绔嬬敓瀛樿兘鍔�锛屽彲浠ラ仼鐣�(d膩ng)璁撳瀛愭壙鎿�(d膩n)閮ㄥ垎瀹跺嫏(w霉)鍕炲嫊(d貌ng)锛屽涓夋闁嬪鐛�(d煤)鑷敹鎷剧帺鍏�锛屽洓浜旀鏅�(sh铆)婧�(zh菙n)鍌欓鍏枫€佹姌鐤婅。鐗╃瓑銆�
銆€銆€鍋氬鍕�(w霉)涓嶈兘锠诲共
銆€銆€澶氭暩(sh霉)瀹跺嫏(w霉)娲荤畻涓嶄笂閲嶉珨鍔涘嫗鍕�(d貌ng)锛屼篃涓嶅儚璺戞銆佹墦鐞冮偅妯ｅ挤(qi谩ng)搴﹂珮锛岃畵浜烘埃鍠樺悂鍚�銆備絾鏈変簺浜哄仛瀹屽鍕�(w霉)鍚�锛岀附鏄劅瑕鸿叞閰歌儗鐥�锛屾妇韬兘涓嶈垝鏈嶏紝涔呰€屼箙涔嬩究瓒婁締瓒婇€冮伩銆傚叾瀵�(sh铆)锛岄€欓兘鏄牷骞叉児鐨勭銆傝實娉㈡彁閱�锛屽仛瀹跺嫏(w霉)鎳�(y墨ng)鐣欏績浠ヤ笅骞惧€�(g猫)鏂归潰锛屼互闃插彈鍌�銆�
銆€銆€娉ㄦ剰鍕為€哥祼(ji茅)鍚�銆傚鏋滃閲岄潰绌嶅ぇ锛屾竻娼斿湴鏉挎檪(sh铆)闇€瑕侀暦(zh菐ng)鏅�(sh铆)闁撳綆鑵�锛岃剨鏌辨渻(hu矛)鎵胯級鍏╁€嶇殑澹撳姏锛岄倓鏄撴悕鍌疯叞閮�銆佹墜鑷傜瓑铏曠殑鑲岃倝銆傛摝鐜荤拑銆佹櫨琛ｆ湇鏅�(sh铆)锛屼篃闇€瑕佺稉(j墨ng)甯告姮楂樻墜鑷�锛岃倢鑲夊姏閲忚純寮辩殑浜烘渻(hu矛)鎰熷埌鎵嬭噦鍙婅偐閮ㄩ吀鐥�銆傚缓璀板(xu茅)鏈�(hu矛)“娣锋惌”瀹跺嫏(w霉)锛屼緥濡傛櫨瀹岃。鏈嶅悗锛屾摝涓€鍊�(g猫)鎴块枔鐨勫湴鏉�锛岀劧鍚庡啀鍘绘礂纰椼€傛寔绾�(x霉)鍋氫竴绋鍕�(w霉)鏅�(sh铆)锛屽彲浠ユ瘡10~15鍒嗛悩浼戞伅涓€鏈�(hu矛)鍏�锛屼几鍊�(g猫)鎳惰叞銆佹椿鍕�(d貌ng)涓€涓嬮牳妞�銆佽伣涓€棣栨瓕绛�锛屼笉瑕�“閫艰憲”鑷繁涓€鍙ｆ埃鍋氬畬锛岃韩楂�銆佸績鐞嗚矤(f霉)鎿�(d膩n)閮芥渻(hu矛)娓涘皬銆�
銆€銆€淇濇寔姝ｇ⒑濮垮嫝(sh矛)銆傛矑鏈夊偡韬殑瀹跺嫏(w霉)娲�锛屽彧鏈夊偡韬殑濮垮嫝(sh矛)銆傛瘮濡傛礂纰�銆佹礂琛ｆ湇鏅�(sh铆)姘存睜杓冧綆锛岃ū澶氫汉鏈�(hu矛)褰庤叞椐濊儗锛屾礂瀹屽悗鑵伴儴鍍电洿銆佺柤鐥�銆傞€欐槸鍥�?y脿n)娈歀(zh菐ng)鏅�(sh铆)闁撲笉鑹Э鍕�(sh矛)褰遍熆浜嗚叞妞庣殑鐢熺悊鏇插害鍜岃倢鑲夊姏閲忓钩琛�锛岄暦(zh菐ng)姝や互寰€鏈�(hu矛)瑾樼櫦(f膩)鑵版闁撶洡绐佸嚭鎴栬叞鑲屽嫗鎼嶇瓑銆傚缓璀颁繚鎸佽儗閮ㄦ尯鐩�锛岃剨妞庝几灞�锛岀◢寰綆鏇查珫銆佽啙闂�(gu膩n)绡€(ji茅)锛屽苟涓旈殧涓€娈垫檪(sh铆)闁撴椿鍕�(d貌ng)涓€涓嬭韩楂斻€傛澶�锛屽湪鍋氬鍕�(w霉)鏅�(sh铆)涓嶈绐佺劧鐧�(f膩)鍔涙壄杞�(zhu菐n)韬珨锛屼互鍏嶉杻浜嗚叞;鍦ㄦ惉娌欑櫦(f膩)銆佺瀛愮瓑閲嶇墿鏅�(sh铆)锛屽垏鍕跨洿鎺ュ綆涓嬭叞鎼捣锛屾噳(y墨ng)鍏堣共涓嬭韩锛屾尯鐩磋儗閮紝鎷垮ソ閲嶇墿锛岀敤鑵块儴鍔涢噺鐩寸珛璧蜂締锛屽仛鍒�“褰庤吙涓嶅綆鑵�”銆�
銆€銆€鍋氬ソ闃茶(h霉)鎺柦銆傚仛鑿滄檪(sh铆)鏈�(hu矛)鐢�(ch菐n)鐢熷ぇ閲忓惈涓€姘у寲纰�銆佸挤(qi谩ng)鑷寸檶鐗╄嫰骞惰姌鐨勭厵闇�锛屽皪(du矛)榧汇€佺溂銆佸捊鍠夐粡鑶滄湁寮�(qi谩ng)鐑堢殑鍒烘縺鎬�锛岃紩鍓囧紩璧峰挸鍡姐€佹祦娣�銆侀牠鐥涚瓑鐧ョ媭锛岄噸鍓囧彲鑳芥渻(hu矛)瑾樼櫦(f膩)榧荤値銆佸捊鍠夌値銆佹埃绠＄値绛夊懠鍚哥郴绲�(t菕ng)鐤剧梾;闀�(zh菐ng)鏈熷惛鍏ラ€欑ó娌圭厵锛岄倓鏈�(hu矛)澧炲姞鎮ｈ偤鐧岀殑棰�(f膿ng)闅�(xi菐n)銆傚洜姝�锛岀児椋�?n猫i)顏版顏坃钁楁娊娌圭厵姗�(j墨)锛岄倓鍙互鍦嶅湇瑁�銆佹埓甯藉瓙鍜屽彛缃�锛岄殧闆㈡薄鏌撶墿;鍋氬畬椋悗瑕佺辜绾�(x霉)闁�10~20鍒嗛悩锛屼互鍏嶇厵闇ф畼鐣�锛屽苟瑷樺緱鎷嶆墦琛ｇ墿銆佹礂鎵嬫礂鑷�銆�
銆€銆€瀛曞│鑰佷汉涔熻兘骞叉椿銆備竴浜涚壒娈婁汉缇ゅ彲浠ュ湪瀹朵汉鐨勯櫔浼翠笅锛屾牴鎿�(j霉)鍊�(g猫)浜鸿韩楂旀儏娉佹寫钁楀仛瀹跺嫏(w霉)娲汇€備緥濡傝ū澶氬コ鎬ф嚪瀛曞悗锛屽氨琚浜�“鐪炬槦鎹ф湀”锛屾暣澶╄汉鍦ㄥ簥涓�锛屼粈涔堥兘涓嶅仛銆傚叾瀵�(sh铆)锛屾矑鏈夌繏(x铆)鎱ｆ€ф祦鐢�(ch菐n)绛夐ⅷ(f膿ng)闅�(xi菐n)鐨勫瓡濠�锛屽仛涓€浜涘姏鎵€鑳藉強鐨勫鍕�(w霉)鏄湁鐩婄殑锛屼絾鎳�(y墨ng)閬垮厤闀�(zh菐ng)鏅�(sh铆)闁撳綆鑵�銆佷笅韫层€佺珯绔�锛屼篃涓嶈灏囨墜浼搁€�(j矛n)娑兼按涓礂琛ｆ湇绛�銆傞珨鍔涜純寮�銆佸钩琛¤兘鍔涘樊鐨勮€佷汉锛岀洝閲忎笉瑕佺崹(d煤)鑷惉妗屽瓙绛夐噸鐗�锛屼篃涓嶈“鐧绘鐖珮”锛屾噳(y墨ng)灏囬€欎簺“鍗遍毆(xi菐n)”鐨勫鍕�(w霉)浜ょ郸骞磋紩浜�銆�
銆€銆€闇€瑕佹彁閱掔殑鏄紝瀹跺嫏(w霉)闆栫劧鑳芥秷鑰楄兘閲�锛屼絾鍕�(d貌ng)浣滅浉灏�(du矛)鍠竴閲嶅京(f霉)锛岄洠浠ュ吋椤ч崨鐓夋墍鏈夎倢缇�锛屾湁姊濅欢鐨勪汉鏈€濂芥牴鎿�(j霉)鍊�(g猫)浜烘儏娉侀€�(j矛n)琛屾湁閲濆皪(du矛)鎬х殑楂旇偛閸涚厜銆傦紙瑷樿€� 瓒欏彲浣筹級 |
